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A Report on Johnson Matthey PLC - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 757 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? It is the manufacturer of autocatalysts, heavy duty diesel catalysts and pollution control systems, catalysts and components for fuel cells, catalysts and technologies for chemical processes, fine chemicals, chemical catalysts and active pharmaceutical ingredients and the marketing, refining, and fabrication of precious metals. Further, for 200 years, it has continued to develop its technology, representing the companys ability to keep world leadership by adapting constantly to changing customer needs. As this company is concerned in its own environmental policies many of the products of this company have a major beneficial effect on the environment and develop the quality of life for millions globally. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Report on Johnson Matthey PLC" essay for you Create order Furthermore, it has branches in more than 30 countries and has employed to around 8, 500 people. The products of it are sold in a wide range of countries that are further advanced in technology and industrialized (Web 1) 1.2. Ratio analysis The objective of preparing financial statements is to present information to the interested users of the company. Potential investors, stockholders, bankers and credit using companies and government offices can be included in the list of users. Outside parties use the financial statements depends on their role and to get the answers for the questions that they are having in mind. Financial statements are generally used to prepare ratios as a part of the analysis. To take some of the values on the statements and to correlate them to other values and then to make comparisons, these ratio analyses are involved. Since they relate various elements of financial details, they are very useful to the business world. The relationships provide a incredible amount of information and allow for both easy tracking of trends over time and simple comparisons among companies. Moreover, ratios also have the skills to make the date for smaller companies and business institutions similar to that for larger companies (Wendy 2003) Here are some of the most important ratios used in business: 4. Return on Capital Employed Ratio: ROCE explains what return management has made on the resources and has made available to them before making any distribution of those returns. Return on capital employed = (Operating profit / Average capital employed) x 100% = =16.086% Liquidity Ratios These ratios indicate the ease of turning assets into cash. They include the Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, and Working Capital. Current Ratios. The Current Ratio is one of the best known measures of financial strength. It is figured as shown below. Current Ratio = Total Current Assets/ Total Current Liabilities In 2009 entity has downgrade the level of liquidity decrease by 2.42% So is in the bad conditions when meeting in the financial obligations. Quick Ratios. The Quick Ratio is sometimes called the acid-test ratio and is one of the best measures of liquidity. It is figured as shown below: Acid or quick test ratio = (Current assets stock) / Current Liabilities 2009 2008 = = =1.03 =1.111 In 2009 Johnson Matthey has bad liquidity position than 2008 and liquidity position in 2009 decrease by 7.20 Working Capital. Working Capital is more a measure of cash flow than a ratio. The result of this calculation must be a positive number. It is calculated as shown below. Working Capital = Total Current Assets Total Current Liabilities 2009 2008 =1042.2-648.7 =1172.2-712.3 =393.5 =459.9 In 2009 Johnson Matthey working capital decreased by 14.43% than 2008. Earnings per Share The earnings per share are a good measure of profitability and when compared with EPS of similar companies, it gives a view of the comparative earnings or earnings power of the firm. EPS ratio calculated for a number of years indicates whether or not the earning power of the company has increased Earnings per share = Net profit (after tax and preference dividend) / Number of ordinary shares Earnings yield = (Earnings per share / Share Price) x 100% Price/earnings ratio = Market price of share / Earnings per share =21.66 Dividend yield = (Dividend per share / Market price of share) x 100% Dividend cover = Net profit / Dividend =-13.22   Rate of Return Return of total assets = debt + current liabilities / Total assets 2009 2008 =43.9% =51.0% Debtor turn over = average debtors / sales Stock turn over = average stock/ cost of goods sold Return on ordinary shareholders funds = (Net profit before tax / Average Equity) x 100% Leverage Ratio This Debt/Worth or Leverage Ratio indicates the extent to which the business is reliant on debt financing (creditor money versus owners equity): Debt/Worth Ratio= Total Liabilities/ Net Worth Conclusion In the financial year to 31st March 2009, Johnson Mattheys revenue rose by 5% to £7.8 billion and sales excluding the value of precious metals increased by 3% to £1.8 billion. Underlying profit before tax was up 1% at  £267.9 million. Original earnings per share increased by 0.1 pence to 89.6 pence. Market conditions changed significantly during the year. However, Johnson Mattheys 2009 financial performance less than 2008 financial performance.

Culture and Personality Development Essay - 906 Words

There is many different factors that determine personality and development, from environmental, genetics, and of course, the culture someone grows up. This can vary across the globe in different geological locations. It is impossible to say how much influence culture has on specific psychological development or personality. Some emotion such as happiness can be subjective and it is hard to measure the rate of happiness when contrasted with a different part of the world. Many scholars point out that wealthier and developed nations report higher feelings of well-being. (Eunkook M. Suh) Despite this association with income and well-being, there are other factors at play. In developed Western societies, they have more social services that†¦show more content†¦Individualism is the principal in which a person is independent and self-reliant. This cultural aspect characterizes more free will and equal opportunity meaning that a person is more likely to reach and achieve greater goa ls. For example, The United States focuses on making children feel independent by being involved in events that uses competitiveness (Suh and Triandis, 2002). It gives them motivation to become the best they can be on their own. Depending how people are taught, whether it involves individualistic propensities or collectivist propensities, their personality reflects on that. The development of one’s personality comes from the specific culture’s belief system. One person could believe in one thing while the other does not. People could be dressed differently in certain areas of the world while others dress in a more diverse way. Culture can bring out in the growth of one’s personality many things. Culture can form the views and opinions that people embrace along with all of the traditions, peer pressures, social interactions, policies, and even food are all factors that take part in ones personality. These pieces make up the framework as to why we are simply human and how we do things based upon our culture morals. In a way, it is as if our cultures live for us instead of letting us live how we would like. On the other hand, ourShow MoreRelatedpsych 6451544 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Personality Development Brenda Lee Brandmier PSYCH 645 September 22, 2014 Personality and Development Personality is who an individual is, how one does things, manages events and situations, and how one describes other individuals. One s personality can help guide an individual throughout one s life, in addition to having power over the situation or task. Many, if not all of these factors of personality, traits, and genetics, make up who an individual is. One s may believeRead MorePersonality Is Developed From Genes ( Nature ) Or Influenced By Environment ( Nurture ) Essay1436 Words   |  6 Pagesperson’s personality is developed from genes (nature) or influenced by environment (nurture). 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Buchanan’s questionnaire covered topics of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, andRead MorePersonality Characteristics Of Personality Traits1235 Words   |  5 PagesPersonality characteristics Introduction Personality psychologists define personality as the psychological traits that contribute to an individual’s enduring and distinctive patterns of feelings, thinking, and behavior, (Cervone Pervin, 2013). Now, this statement can denote that personality might be somehow fixed. Perhaps the most obligatory questions to ask in this regards are: is personality inherited or acquired. Can individual’s personality be altered? For decades, these and many other questionsRead MoreFamily Influences Our Personality, Behavior, Beliefs and Values1080 Words   |  5 Pages The effects of family and culture can substantially influence ones personality, behaviours, beliefs and values, which correlates positively to the life experiences in part 1. Research has shown the significance of family interactions on stress levels, personality and behavioural traits on younger individuals. The young ones imitate the elders as they have yet to be independent and this process is considered to be an aspect of evolution, via increasing fitness. Environmental factors such as biologicalRead More From Unilineal Cultural Evolution to Functionalism Essay1048 Words   |  5 Pageshad great influence on the development of this theory. Malinowski suggested that individuals have certain physiological needs and that cultures develop to meet those needs. Malinowski saw those needs as being nutrition, reproduction, shelter, and protection from enemies. He also proposed that there were other basic, culturally derived needs and he saw these as being economics, social control, education, and political organization Malinowski proposed that the culture of any people could be explainedRead MoreChildhood And Adolescence : Toward A Field Of Inquiry1072 Words   |  5 PagesArticle 1 Spiritual Development in Childhood and Adolescence: Toward a Field of Inquiry Yongmin, S. (2008). Children s well-being during parents marital disruption process: A pooled time-series analysis. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(2), 472-488. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ Yongmin attempted to show with this article how marriage can â€Å"change† for a married couple when their children turns the age(s) 12-17, also known as the beginning of adolescence. His research focuses

Embryonic Stem Cell Research And The American Society

Embryonic Stem Cell Research and the American Society The importance of ethical issues is often understated in public knowledge. Embryonic stem cell research should be of the utmost importance in the American society due to increased federal funding and the promises research in this field hold. As with many other controversies, embryonic stem cell research can be described as a dispute between religion and science due to the destruction of a viable human embryo. Depending on the status an individual grants an embryo will likely determine their stance on the issue. Next, many changes in legality and public acceptance have prompted leaders to increase funding and expand research nationally. Since taxpayers’ dollars are at work, the public should be aware of this prevalent and advancing ethical issue and be informed of its specifics. The public should also be aware of the advancements in healthcare that this research promise. Due to the changes in funding and legality, many disco veries have been made, pushing this science further. Many scientists believe embryonic stem cell research holds the key to curing many bodily injuries and deadly diseases such as spinal cord and brain injuries, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s. Also, many scientists conceive that, in the future, it will be possible to â€Å"grow† human organs from an individual’s stem cells for transplantation. The latter are only a few of the plethora of anticipated and promised treatments research in this field holds. Lastly,Show MoreRelatedThe Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cell Research1690 Words   |  7 Pagesof a utopian society has been far from reality until the research from embryonic stem cell therapy surfaced. Since former president George W. Bush banned federal funding on embryonic stem cell research in 2001 it has caused a halt in advancements and caused controversy in the public. 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This has created controversy since abortion is suchRead MoreThe Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cells851 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Over 100 million Americans suffer from diseases that eventually may be treated more effectively or even cured with embryonic stem cell therapy. Some researchers regard this as the greatest potential for the alleviation of human suffering since the advent of antibiotics† (White). However, not everybody agrees with this. While embryonic stem cells offer much hope for medical advancement because of their ability to grow into almost any kind of cell, the moral debate of the destruction of an embryoRead MoreEssay about The Heated Debate Concerning Stem Cell Research628 Words   |  3 PagesInside an embryo there are dozens of stem cells. They are basically empty shells, but the special thing about them is that they are pluripotent, meaning that they can develop in to any cell or organ in human body. That makes stem cell research a gigantic part of today’s medical research. With enough research, stem cells can be a big help to the human kind. Their extraordinary abilities could help scientists return memory to Alzheimer’s patients, or grow a man’s limb that had to be amputated due toRead MoreThe Ethics of Stem Cell Research Essay741 Words   |  3 Pages Embryonic stem cell research can be easily defined. A stem is defined as something that is developed from. A cell is defined as a microscopic living organism. According to Dennis Hollinger, Embryonic stem cell research uses from the embryos inner cell mass t hat give rise to each of the human bodys many different tissue types(1). In our modern day society, stem cell research has become a controversial topic. Several people strongly oppose the idea of the research, but many are struggling forRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell Research1665 Words   |  7 Pages Stem cells have advanced the way researchers look at curing what were once considered untreatable diseases. Modern technology has played a key role in the discovering of these stem cells and how they are used in the body. 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With the new medical research on the embryonic stem cell it has it’s negative andRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell Research1307 Words   |  6 PagesStem cell research is a controversial, yet fascinating field of study. The examination of stem cells has captivated political, scientific, and public interest for many decades. Therefore, numerous scientific research studies have been done to determine the exact purpose of stem cells, as well as their beneficial properties. Stem cells have been noted as powerful deterrents when studying and fighting against disease. It is understood that almost every cell in a person’s body has one main functionRead MoreThe Embryonic Stem Cell Conflict Essay1271 Words   |  6 Pagescriticisms directed towards the advent of stem cell research have centered on the source of the most scientifically useful types of stem cells—pre-implantation human embryos. Unfortunately, harvesting embryonic stem cells typically results in the destruction of the embryo from which they are harvested, which gives rise to a moral dilemma: is it ethically acceptable to destroy an embryo’s potential to life? Those who are against human embryonic stem cell research will answer you with an emphatic â€Å"no†;Read MoreA Research On Stem Cells1560 Words   |  7 PagesRose Hercilla Mr. Hoffman Biology Viewpoint: Political Stem Cells Stem cells are cells that are undifferentiated and can develop into any kind of cell needed in the body. The most common stem cells used for research and referred to are human embryonic stem cells. They are formed in embryos to help establish the body and organs for the fetus. Scientists can now fertilize eggs in a lab, which is a process frequently used for people who have difficulties becoming pregnant naturally, also known as

Report on Employment Relations Management

Question: Discuss about the Report on Employment Relations Management. Answer: Introduction The objective of this report is to discuss the case study, Constructive relations at Top Trucking Company. This report discusses all the three questions of the case study and suggests the ways for improvement. The good thing for the company is that the management has realized the importance of human resource management function and they have started considered HRM as a strategic function. In the current business environment, employees or drivers are considered as biggest asset of the company and it has enabled the company to create a competitive position in the market. How do the new workplace practices introduced by the new yard manager complement one another? The new manager, George, played an instrumental role to develop a platform where employees can work with high productivity. When George was appointed as the manager he came with the idea that Human Resource Management is a strategic and comprehensive approach to personnel management, which is the most valuable asset of the organization. To be effective it should focus on four principles: Integration strategy, which is to ensure the integration of human resources policies and economic strategies, and to see to what extent these strategies are implemented in the daily work of line managers (Cottini, 2013). Sacrifice and devotion, which involves the creation of relationships and commitment of employees to the organization (Ahmed, 2002) Flexibility, which involves the creation of structures that are open and ready for change, for development of the model takes into account the positions of job enrichment (about entrusting employees with higher qualifications additional tasks related to e.g. The decision-making) and developing the versatility of employees (Dancaster, 2014) The quality which is to provide professional management and highly qualified staff who are able to maintain production or services consistently high level. It can be said that George focused on all the above four principles to create a healthy working environment. He ensured that the organizational plan and strategic decisions are communicated to drivers. With George at the top position, the drivers were able to have a feeling of satisfaction. It is believed that the human resource management in an enterprise is influenced by factors: External (refer to the organization's environment, for example: globalization, competition, technological developments, and legal conditions). Internal (refer to the organization and the employed workers, for example: mission, objectives, size and strategy of the organization, employee engagement, and the results of their work). It is important that the strategies and policies should be implemented in an integrated manner so that the maximum benefits could be obtained (Herod, 2014). With the implementation of various polices, George ensured that the drivers are not treated like children. He ensured that drivers has a proactive role to play. George created multiple policies and strategies that focused to improve the internal and external factors. For example, he not only created and deployed new computer systems (external factor), he also bring new uniforms for drivers (internal factors). It can be said that it was the combination of internal and external factors that created a positive vibes among the drivers. This was the reason, that drivers was able to have a feeling of self-belonging towards the organization. It can be said that George focused on the multiple areas of employee development and it ultimately improved employee relationships. What are the risks to sustaining these changes if George or the yard manager moves on? There is no doubt that George was able to create a healthy environment in the organization and he was able to keep employees engaged. However, in the process, a lot of information about the organizational policies and processes were shared with the drivers. There is always a risk that the drivers would change the organization and share this information with the competitors. Since the competition with industry could be one of the main factor bring direct effect in organizational potential staff recruitment and selection process (Houkes, 2014); which organization could have less chance to attract potential applicants and obtain suitable candidates with requirement skills and knowledge to fill the vacancies, if the compensation, intangible awards and development opportunities offered were comparative lower than its competitors. Other than competitions, labor union forces could be factor that affecting organizational HR policies (Burgoon, 2015). To sum up, the level of competition and la bor union could be external factors bring significant influences to the HR strategies, especially the staffing and compensation practices. There could be a risk of reputational damage from staff sharing comments that offend or leaking confidential information. Another risk is the increased expectations of drivers and other stakeholders of the company. The shaping of the employment relationship takes place in an area of continuous tension between added value and moral value. Paauwe (2004). This means that HR departments must find the balance between giving employees a fair or equitable balance between what they contribute and what they receive. It also means that as well as looking after the employees interests they must be able to encourage and develop employees so that they give the biggest possible contribution to the business at the lowest possible cost and risk to the employer. This is another external risk as legislation keeps changing and sometimes can be costly for organizations like the new minimum national wage. It is normally announced well in advance so organizations can prepare themselves and normally they can achieve a smooth transition. However small companies may suffer more if they do not have specialist HRs as sometimes putting in practice a specific legislation can be a complex process for those without the knowledge and understanding as well as costly. These challenges are all ones which an organization, whether private or public sector, will face. As the labor market becomes candidate driven and those seeking jobs have more power to dictate the working conditions they desire, companies will need to ensure that they are meeting and exceeding these challenges to recruit the best talent.(Sullivan, 2014). There could also be an issue of change management. In the last two years, George initiated several changed in the organization. It is possible that all the employees would not like the new changes. If George continues with the same strategy of frequent changes in the environment, there is a possibility that a divide would be created between the employees who supports the change and the employees who does not support the change. Do you think tough blue collar unions like the Transport Workers Union are more of less likely to engage in workplace changes like these than public or service sector unions? Why? How would you find out if you are right? The researches suggests that, trade unions, on one hand, can be identified as an external factor which affects HR strategy and practice, however, on the other hand it assists business and evaluates it among its competitors. Berthoin (2003) acknowledges that trade unions look after workers or employees interest at work by: Negotiating agreements with employers on pay and conditions Discussing big changes like large scale redundancy Discussing members concerns with employers Going with members to disciplinary and grievance meetings It would be correct inferences to make that blue collar unions like the Transport Workers Union are more of less likely to engage in workplace changes like these than public or service sector unions because the trade unions in public sectors have relatively less pressure (Schneider, 2013). From the employers, in public sector, point of view trade unions also have its advantages like: saves time and cost (enables to avoid dealing with employees individually), acts as part of communication process between employer and employees, it can improve employees morale and motivation and it is a supportive partner assisting business on a tremendous change. Eikhof (2016) argued that trade unions would work best only when they are ale able to fulfill their goals and objectives. However, despite the facts mentioned above, it also affects HR strategy and practice. First of all, a trade union decreases Human Resources control for example: the ability and options to discipline employees on their poor performance will be limited by a trade union. Second, it can require some change in policies and procedure currently used by HR (Saxton, 2011). Finally, it increases a timeframe for a tremendous change for example: one of the clients of my current employer was going through the working patters changes which has been announced four months before the event, however, once trade union was informed it took an additional four months to come up with an agreement between an HR and trade union and to carry a consultation process. HR department was required to adjust the pay rates and calculation of Holidays entitlement to achieve an agreement between both parties involved. In my opinion trade unions have huge and very important impact on HR department activity. They use different forms of participation, ranging from the right to information, through consultation, to the co decision with the employer. They have the right to negotiate collective agreements, have an impact on the content of the Rules of work and negotiating wages, determine social related work conditions. Example, the restructuring of employment or in a situation of other radical organizational changes. And the excessive use of these powers by the unions, is an additional problem for many employers during the crisis, at a time of radical changes justified by the market situation in the companies. Powers and attitude of the trade unions in the "difficult time" also represent a challenge for personnel managers and for the entire HR department in organizations. The most important task is to protect the interests of employees and employers understood as an attempt to improve working condition s and pay, as well as the protection of their rights, ensuring compliance with existing employee rights. The subject of trade union activities can be the rights and professional interests and social activity. Trade unions allows for simpler and more open communication between the employer and employees. Conclusion The above report discusses the case study of Constructive relations at Top Trucking Company. With the above discussion it can be said that George has been able to emerge as a successful manager in the organization who has significantly improved the employee relations. George has implemented various strategies and policies that have created a positive environment in the organization. This has ultimately reduced the conflict among the drivers and today, drivers consider themselves to be a key stakeholders. It has ultimately motivated the drivers to work hard and this has improved the overall productivity of the organization. References Cottini, E., Lucifora, C. (2013). Mental health and working conditions in Europe.Industrial Labor Relations Review,66(4), 958-988. Dancaster, L. (2014). Work-life balance and the legal right to request flexible working arrangements.South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences,9(2), 175-186. Dierkes, M., Berthoin Antal, A., Child, J. Nonaka, I., eds. (2003)Handbook of organizational learning and knowledge. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Eikhof, D. R. (2016). Knowledge Work and Flexible Working: Helping or Hindering Working Women?. InHandbook on Well-Being of Working Women(pp. 361-374). Springer Netherlands. Galea, C., Houkes, I., De Rijk, A. (2014). An insider's point of view: how a system of flexible working hours helps employees to strike a proper balance between work and personal life.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(8), 1090-1111. Gialis, S., Herod, A. (2014). Of steel and strawberries: Greek workers struggle against informal and flexible working arrangements during the crisis.Geoforum,57, 138-149. Milway, K. Saxton, A. (2011), The Challenge of Organizational Learning, Stanford Social Innovation Review, Available from https://www.ssireview.org/articles/entry/the_challenge_of_organizational_learning (Accessed 23 August 2016). Raess, D., Burgoon, B. (2015). Flexible work and immigration in Europe.British Journal of Industrial Relations,53(1), 94-111. Schneider, B., Ehrhart, M. G., Macey, W. H. (2013). Organizational climate and culture.Annual review of psychology,64, 361-388. Wang C. Ahmed P (2002) A Review Of The ConceptOf Organizational Learning(Available at:) https://www.wlv.ac.uk/media/wlv/pdf/uwbs_WP004_02_Wang_Ahmed.pdf( Accessed by:) March 24, 2016 Paauwe, J. (2004) HRM and Performance Achieving Long Term Viability First Ed. Page 3.Oxford University Press.ISBN 0-19-927390 Sullivan, J. (2014).The Power Has Shifted to the Candidate, So Current Recruiting Practices Will Stop Working. [online] ERE Media. Available at: https://www.eremedia.com/ere/the-power-has-shifted-to-the-candidate-so-current-recruiting-practices-will-stop-working/ [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016].

Influence of Nike Multifaceted Strategies-Free-Samples for Students

Question: To what extent is Nike's multifaceted strategy responsible for its position in the sport industry? Answer: Background of Study Multifaceted marketing strategies facilitate an organization towards selling products in various ways using different tools and techniques (Athanasopoulou et al., 2015). Nike has successfully used such their multifaceted strategies for gaining success in global sports industry. Moreover, the organization has become success in holding 31% market share in global athletic footwear market (Richelieu Desbordes, 2013). Nike spends almost $100 per second in their sports apparel advertisement for reaching their unique value to the customers. The quality of the sport apparels has built the foundation of success of Nike in the sports industry. The organization has spent more than $3.3 billion on their marketing strategies for touching the emotional part of the consumers (Davidson, 2014). Aim of the Research The aim of the research is to discuss the extent of the influence of Nikes multifaceted strategies. Research Objectives To discuss the background of the sports industry To demonstrate the extent to which Nikes product, price, promotional mix, place and market segmentation strategies are responsible for positioning it in sports industry To explore the factors for which Nike makes more profit because of multifaceted strategies Research Question What is the background of the sports industry? How Nikes product, price, promotional mix, place and market segmentation strategies are responsible for positioning it in sports industry? What makes Nike more profit because of multifaceted strategies? Outline Theory Background of Global Sports Industry Sports industry has become a wide reaching business in global market, which spans the field of play. In recent days, the worth of sports industry has been presented between $480 billion to $620 billion. By the end of 2017, global sports industry is expected to generate revenue around $91 billion. Kolt, (2013) opined that global market for sports equipment has been grown from USD 61,778.7 million in 2010 to USD 66,528.8 million in 2013. The retail sport goods industry is expected to grow by 3.4% by the end of 2020. The major market players in this industry are like Nike, Adidas, Dicks Sporting Goods, Pumaand many more. Manzenreiter, (2014) stated that the competition among these major market players are concentrated around the sports products like athletics apparel, athletic footwear and other sports equipments. Significance of Multifaceted Strategies in Sports Industry Multifaceted strategies allow an organization towards selling the products in various ways for maximizing the sales. In such marketing, organizations can use different marketing strategies for finding out the best alternative marketing strategy and eliminating the least effective marketing strategy. Singh (2013) pointed out that comfortable and good quality sports outfits boost the confidence level of the athletics. Good quality cotton and other materials help the athletics in improving their performance by keeping their body refreshed. Therefore, products strategy plays a significant role in attracting the consumers in sports industry. On the other hand, Bae et al. (2015) opined that the impact of pricing strategy is largely dependent on the type of usage intended by the potential buyers in the sports industry. The consumers do not evaluate the price of the sports equipment, when the intended usage of the products is related to sports practice. However, Yi and Yang (2014) consumers always evaluate the price of the sports equipments when the intended usage of the products is related to only pleasure. Convenient accessibility of the sports products saves the time of the sports persons in purchasing their sports equipments. Hence, place strategy plays an important role in attracting the consumers in sports industry. Proper promotional strategy reaches the unique information of the sports equipments to the customers, which enhances the loyalty level of the customers. In this way, effective promotional mix through proper advertising fosters repetitive sales of sports equipments, which can enhance the sales revenue of sport retails in sports industry. Market Positioning Factors in Sports Industry Quality of the sports equipments is the most significant factor, which can differentiate them from one another. Moreover, Pan (2014) stated that good quality sports equipments boost the confidence and enhance the performance level of the athletics. Hence, unique quality of the products can make a unique position for an organization in sports industry. Athletics are not much price sensitive and are never willing to compromise quality for price. However, Davidson (2014) opined that extreme price competition among the market players is encouraging the consumers in seeking for good quality products with low price. Hence, affordable price along with good quality products can differentiate an organization in the sports industry. Convenient accessibility of the sports equipments is extremely important for encouraging the consumers purchasing those equipments. Attractive offerings and discounts always attract the sports persons in purchasing the sports equipments. Hence, lucrative offerings and discounts can encourage the consumers in sports industry towards taking prompt purchasing decision. Research Method or Approach The research paper will select deductive research approach for collecting effective information regarding the topic of the research. Such approach will facilitate in using previous theories and models for collecting authentic research information. On the other hand, the study will use descriptive research purpose for collecting additional research information through elaborated model (Halcomb Hickman, 2015). The study will collect authentic information regarding the multifaceted strategies of Nike through various secondary sources. Moreover, the research paper will use secondary method of data collection for gathering authentic research information. Evaluation Nike has wide product ranges of portfolio, which meets several needs of wide ranges of customers groups in sports industry. Throughout the years, the organization has added more product lines in its product category, which are ranging from sports shoes, sports apparel and other sports equipments and accessories. Moreover, the organization uses high quality product materials in the sports equipments, which boosts the confidence of the athletics (Singh, 2013). In this way, unique product quality has made the organization to stand out unique in the sports industry. On the other hand, the organization uses value based pricing strategy and set the price of the sports equipments based in their value. It enhances the perceived value of the products to the customers. Nike offers retail sales, online sales and Niketownretail outlets, which provide customers convenient accessibility scope in purchasing the products. Moreover, the smooth online sales options have provided unique value to the customers in accessing their required sports equipments. Nike spends almost $100 on their advertisement per second for communication their unique value proposition to the customers (Bae et al., 2015). Moreover, the mixing of advertisement, direct marketing, personal selling, public relation and sales promotion effectively communicate the innovative features and offerings to the most important customers. Such strategy drives the customers in taking prompt decision for purchasing the products. Nike has mostly targeted the athletic customer groups for meeting their core needs and demands for making unique position in the sports industry. References Athanasopoulou, P., Giovanis, A. N., Avlonitis, G. J. (2015). Marketing strategy decisions for brand extension success.Journal of Brand Management,22(6), 487-514. Bae, J., Lu-Anderson, D., Fujimoto, J., Richelieu, A. (2015). East asian college consumer decision-making styles for sport products.Sport, Business and Management,5(3), 259-275. Davidson, A. (2014). Harvard professor mikolaj piskorski's research-based social media business development model.Strategy Leadership,42(4), 40-44. Halcomb, E., Hickman, L. (2015). Mixed methods research.Nursing Standard (2014+),29(32), 41. Kolt, G. S., PhD. (2013). The impact of global sporting events.Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport,16(6), 487. Manzenreiter, W. (2014). Playing by unfair rules? asia's positioning within global sports production networks.The Journal of Asian Studies,73(2), 313-325. Pan, J. (2014). Requirement analysis on sports equipment information system based on UML.Applied Mechanics and Materials,543-547, 4718-4721. Richelieu, A., Desbordes, M. (2013). Sports teams and equipment manufacturers going international.Sport, Business and Management,3(1), 63-77. Singh, S. (2013). Under armour's lawsuit against nike: Worth breaking A sweat?Journal of Business Case Studies (Online),9(6), 429 Yi, C. X., Yang, T. (2014). Research of new materials in sports equipment.Applied Mechanics and Materials,484-485, 84-88.

Early Childhood Education Perfection of Students

Question: Discuss about the Early Childhood Education for Perfection of Students. Answer: Introduction: Running record is a practice that is taken in childhood for checking the perfection of students in the perspective of reading. A session is usually done by using marking conventions and symbols for tracking the level of comprehension. If the running record is found to be poor, then it is assumed that the child is suffering from depression, frustration or problem. The score must be above 90 percent (Pratt Urbanowski, 2015). It is also used to analyze the different types of errors a child is facing. However, a reading record can be implemented on a student by reading a book that has been not read by him previously. While reading this unknown paper, it is believed that this will provide a more accurate reading record of the child. It results in determining the ability of the child in handling the text of the book at varied assessed level. This is the reason the children are provided with a benchmark book on a different level. In this way, the running record assessments of a child can b e determined (Kristiina Montero et al., 2014). Both parents and mentors can gain insight into the state of mind of the assigned children about developmental reading regarding the leveled reading sessions. There are two parts of assessments of running record. One is comprehension check and running record. When a student reads, the mentor is identifying his errors. Errors include omitting a word, inserting a word, substitution of another word, and a person is administering a word to the reader. The three steps of self-correction are structure, meaning and visual. Self-correction is the process of automatic identification of the errors of the child by himself and corrects it as soon as possible. However, when a student rectifies his or her error, then it is no more considered as errors (Shea, 2012). The previous substitution of the student is not counted in the score of mistakes. When the student is not aware of his errors in the running record, then the teacher identifies the list of errors and self-corrections using structure, meaning and visual. The three classifications of meaning, structure and visual are described below. Meaning: Meaning is referred to as a cueing system where the child undertakes a cue for making a sensible sense of the text while thinking information from the provided pictures, the background of a story and meaning of a particular sentence. The cues, in turn, assist the student while reading a particular phrase or word. Structure: the stage of construction means language structure of the text of the book or the material. It is sometimes known as syntax. If the child has implicit knowledge of various structures of language, then the reader will have a better understanding of the language. He or she can feel that they sound correct while reading or pronouncing syntax or a word (Husbye Elsener, 2013). In this stage, the students are re-reading the text for identification of the errors; he had done in earlier reading level. Visual: It is also known as graphophonics cues. It is related to the phonetics of the reader. Visual cues are visible when a student used to analyze a word regarding phonetics. He can also attempt to recall the name from his previous experience. Information of the visual cue is related to the visual look of a letter in a particular word. Usually, a student uses the visual cue when the reader reads the beginning of a nutshell. The sound of the word is familiar to the student (Kolodziej et al., 2016). In analyzing the self-corrections and errors of a reader, meaning, structure and visual (MSV) technique is used by the mentors or teachers. However, a student in many circumstances can rely on one particular type of procedure mentioned above. Mostly, the reader relies on the visual technique more frequently. While in some other cases, another student can count on other techniques such as meaning and structure. These two are the initial methods of self-correction. During the process of rectification of the errors, readers opt for the visual mode for correcting the mistakes in the self-correction process (Sandager, 2014). Childrens reading progress is a vital aspect in determining the developmental rate of children. Information regarding the running record of a reader can be gained from qualitative and qualitative analysis of the reading record. It helps in matching the children with a proper level of the materials provided for reading. Overall development of mind is beneficial for a child that will result in improving the reading skills. References Husbye, N. E., Elsener, A. A. (2013). To move forward, we must be mobile: Practical uses of mobile technology in literacy education courses.Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education,30(2), 46-51. Kolodziej, N. J., Lloyd, M. H., Brashears, K. (2016). Using Games to Enhance Students Understanding of Semantics and Syntax.The Reading Professor, 16. Kristiina Montero, M., Newmaster, S., Ledger, S. (2014). Exploring early reading instructional strategies to advance the print literacy development of adolescent SLIFE.Journal of Adolescent Adult Literacy,58(1), 59-69. Pratt, S. M., Urbanowski, M. (2015). Teaching Early Readers to Selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Monitor and Selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Correct.The Reading Teacher. Sandager, B. (2014).Analyzing and Conferring with Students on Running Records to Improve Reading Outcomes. Shea, M. (2012).Running records: Authentic instruction in early childhood education. Routledge.

Social Issues Explored in Bruce Dawes Poetry free essay sample

This represents the marginalised soldiers from the Vietnam War, for the War Veterans from WW1 and WW2 had always traditionally returned home to a hero’s welcome, greeted at the airway and society’s full support to the brave soldiers who had risked and possibly given their lives for the country. Weapons Training is another war poem, but this time targets young soldiers pre-war on what can be assumed as a final addressing before taking into the ranks, this poem however various from the previous, the soldiers would have gone into the War with the expectation of being given thanks and praise for their bravery, instead they were barked at, abused and insulted. Dawe has represented both of the marginalised soldiers in both of the respective poems through his use of literary devices which can all fall under the brackets of a) Imagery and b) language, integrating into some finer details. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Issues Explored in Bruce Dawes Poetry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Bruce Dawe’s poem ‘homecoming’ is littered with imagery throughout the passage. The poem is set in the mid 1950’s, which was historically a very patriarchal time. This sense of accomplishment had been earned through the hard work and sacrifices that soldiers had gone through during the horrific events of world war one and two. Thus, when war veterans- alive, dead or injured- returned from another significant war; Vietnam, a logical person would also expect the same ‘hero’s welcome’ that was given to all the past oldiers. Sadly, this was not the case, and their efforts went on unrecognised. Dawe’s vivid use of imagery is a blatant illustration of this. For example, the soldiers (those they could find) were â€Å"piled on the hulls of Grants, in trucks, in convoys†¦ zipping them up in green plastic bags†. The words ‘Grants, trucks and convoys’, paint the picture that the soldiers are just like cargo, or prod uce, which is usually associated with such vehicles. And the fact that they were ‘piled on’ conveniently. The ‘objects’ that were piled on were not just another cargo, they were human beings, not just any human beings (which in its merit still would not condone their actions) but the bravest of human beings, people who had given their life to help preserve their country, and this treatment is simply insulting. In the next line, Dawe again cuts one deeper at the idea, mentioning they were ‘zipping them up in green plastic bags’. This idea of the ‘green plastic bags’ is associated with garbage. Simply Insolent. The reader’s perception is challenged by this use of language, especially since these events were in living memory of the audience. When the realisation that these Soldiers were treated like ‘garbage’ the audience is struck with a wave of guilt, which has been cleverly constructed by Dawe. Another example of an attack on society’s method of dealing with the situation is the second shortest line in the poem (the primary being the significant â€Å"they are bringing them home†) â€Å"raise muzzles in mute salute†. This line is very cutting, for when the plane carrying the deceased landed in their home, the only mention of any recognition is from the ‘raised muzzles’. The raised muzzles of dogs, which are portrayed by Dawe as the only stable and loyal companions in the nation, snubbing the human race as a whole, for the respect given- or lack of. Furthermore, Dawe has utilised the literary device of language to help give voice to the marginalised soldiers. The main idea created through the use of language is again how ill treated they were, not only on their return but the way their bodies were treated. One key example of language that thrusts a shameful feeling upon their audience is the repetition of ‘they’re’ in the opening of the poem. This repetition emphasises the dryness of their activities involved with war. Additionally, in tandem with such lines as ‘all day, day after day’, the audience feels like the action being described s monotonous- it’s a common task-one that is done conveniently- by ‘zipping’ them (and by describing such actions such as ‘bringing, zipping, tagging and giving’, Dawe has used lively verbs, to juxtaposition their real state of being). In contrast, it is quite the opposite; it is the furthest thing from ‘common task’. They are collecting human corpses. Because in today’s society human life (death) is held with such a high preservance, the news of any unforseen or mass death is a world talking point, and thousands flock from all over the nation to pay their respects, even if they had no contact with the deceased. So when a modern society reads how monotonous these people’s jobs were being taken and the lack of respect to the homecoming of our dead soldiers it is staggering. Another example of a literary device associated with language is the influence and impact of the title; ‘Homecoming’. â€Å"The title is used to contrast the traditional universal implications of the word with shockingly reality of soldiers flown home. † http://www. writework. om/essay/analysis-poem-homecoming-bruce-dawe) It preconceives the idea of some glorious return, or appraisal- as the society had been accustomed to reading, however this assumption is the furthest thing from the true details of the poem. Finally, there most obvious or noteworthy part of this poem is the lack of punctuation and full stops; representing the never ending rest of the war victims, but know, after all the fighting, and their death, they can finally rest, represented by the first and final full stop. Weapons Train ing’, also by Bruce Dawe, is scattered with imagery, imagery that is startling and imposing upon the audience. The images in this poem are â€Å"base, crude and apply to the visceral rather than the heart and never any near the cerebral. † (http://neboliterature. mrkdevelopment. com. au/poetry/dawe/weapons=training. html) The general conceived idea of society is that soldiers when being addressed prior to war, they would be treated with the utmost admiration and commendation for these brave soldiers who are risking their lives for their country. However, this poem negates this way of thinking. Instead these soldiers are ‘barked’ and ‘shouted’ at. As you can imagine, the soldiers would have not been expecting this kind of welcoming, represented in the way the general shouts â€Å"you there what’s the matter/ why are you looking at me are you queer? † This abrupt nature creates the vision of a young men wide eyed/mouth gaping staring at these hands on commander with utter shock and a sense of fear at how they are being addressed. The commander is in a sense, trying to instil mechanical features into the humans, to erase the human error, and thus the soldiers becoming one with their gun, moving like clockwork. So when the general commands â€Å"And when I say eyes right I want to hear/those eyeballs click†, he is attempting to obtain a mechanical-unnatural squadron. Almost as if to kill all of their human identity, symbolising their inevitable end, and raises the question, without any human difference, are they really alive? Humans are separated from animals and to a lesser extent machinery by our ability to think to feel; our individuality. When a soldier-to-be first conjured up the thought of joining, the thought was and would be one of everlasting freedom, and a place to complete heroic acts, but in this passage all these dreams have been crushed- represented when the general commands â€Å"Remember the cockpit drill† it is a monotonous movement, precise natures of the orders, which should be spontaneous, but is instead mechanical. Similarly to Dawe’s other poem, Homecoming, ‘Weapons Training’ is a transparent example of how language can be applied to represent a marginalised group in such a way that has been seen otherwise. The poem is also arguable Dawe’s most evident use of structure to help convey this point. Firstly, language is at the forefront in the second line where the general sates â€Å"and the gentle pitter-patter of falling dandruff†. The use of onomatopoeia here is apparent and the ‘pitter-patter’ sound has been used to represent the tentativeness of the soldiers as they march onwards. A sense of cautiousness has been created throughout the crew, almost as if to signify what the realisation of what they are risking. The ‘tt’ sound is also quite representative of machine-like figures that these soldiers have become, as described in the previous paragraph. Furthermore, ‘dandruff’ has negative connotations in today’s society, representing unhealthy living conditions and contaminated scalp. When today’s audience reads that dandruff is falling as they simply move it is very uneasy feeling in the readers mind. Similarly to Homecoming, this poem lacks in punctuation, the narrator only stopping to catch his breath when he asks a rhetorical insulting question to one of the privates such as â€Å"you a queer† These short pauses serve as a solitary moment where the verbal onslaught commences before the general launches into another volley on insults, commands and war notes. The lack of full stops serves as to resemble a life in the ranks, one that is always ongoing and without rest and respite. Finally, the repetition of ‘dead, dead, dead at the conclusion of the poem is vital. These serve as to be the last words we hear in the poem, and they are hammered into the audience to enforce a reflection on the whole poem negative and sorrowful way (towards the soldiers). Structurally, this is a very unique poem for Dawe. Firstly, it is written in dramatic monologue- the poem starts with ‘And’ as if the general is mid sentence, this beginning really thrusts and imposes on the reader and immediately catches their attention. (Http://lardcave. et/hsc/english. 2ug. dawe. weaponstraining. html) This style of writing in tandem with the Title; Weapons Training’ has an immediate effect on the audience. The audience were assuming the poem would be about these brave faced soldiers given weapons and being taught how to use them whilst a feeling of comradely and admiration flows through the air. Instantaneously these assumptions are once again proved incorrect, and mo re so they are omitted instantly. It is also noteworthy that ‘Weapons Training’ was Dawe’s only rhythmic poem. This is key, as the rhythm and rhyme in this poem serves to exaggerate the fact that as much as society would like everything ‘just-so’ this can’t be the case. Even though the narrator’s speech is rhythmic, what he is saying is very cutting, contradicting the traditional romantic or heroic rhythmic poems. In conclusion, Bruce Dawe’s foremost war poems- ‘Homecoming’ and ‘Weapons Training’ are transparent examples oh how literary devices have been utilised to represent marginalised groups in ways that challenge their readers perceptions. Such literary devices include Imagery, Language are evident and in ‘Weapons Training’ Structure cannot be ignored. ‘Homecoming’ criticises the monotonous actions that are involved with the taking home of deceased soldiers, along with the fact of the respect- or lack of there are handled with on their journey home and also their arrival. ‘Weapons Training’ is a dramatic monologue of what can be presumed as wide eyed young soldiers being addressed by a general before they enter the war zone, which