Essay Graves Disease - 1629 Words

The disease was first noted in 1786 by Caleb Hillier Parry 1755- 1822, physician from General Hospital, Bath, England. His account was published posthumously in 1825. However Graves disease is named after the Irish physician who described several cases in London Medical Journal in 1835. Graves disease is also known as Parrys disease. In Europe, the disease is known as Basedows disease. It is the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis (the morbid condition due to over activity of the thyroid gland). The disorder has three major manifestations: Hyperthyroidism with diffuse goiter Ophthalmopathy and Dermopathy The three manifestations need not appear together. Indeed one or two never appear, and moreover, the three may run†¦show more content†¦However, the evidence that Graves disease is autoimmune in origin is quite convincing. Hyperthyroidism and goiter are immunologically mediated. It results from the production of auto-antibodies directed against the TSH ( thyroid stimulating hormone)- receptors on the thyroid follicular cells or closely related cell membrane domains. Auto-antibodies are of two types: TSI ( thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins) or TSH- receptor antibodies ( TRAb) which mimic the action of TSH and thereby inducing the hypersecretion of thyroid hormones. TGI ( thyroid growth stimulating immunoglobulins) which initiates the growth of thyroid cells. The question is what initiates these autoimmune reactions? The answer is not clear but genetic, immune and environmental considerations are important. In genetically predisposed individuals, infection with viruses or bacteria may serve as a trigger. Certain strains of E. coli and Yersinia enterocolitica possess cell membrane TSH receptors. The production of antibodies to these pathogens might cross react with host TSH receptors on thyroid follicular cells to result in hyperthyroidism. Emotional stress is often dismissed as etiologically important. However, more than once have we seen a temporal relationship between the onset of hyperthyroidism and a major life event such as the death of aShow MoreRelatedEssay on Grave’s Disease: A Lifelong Commitment1787 Words   |  8 Pageswith Graves’ disease go through nearly every day. Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease that was discovered by Robert Graves in 1835. Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease in which the bodys immune system attacks the thyroid gland and causes hyperthyroidism. Graves’ disease occurs when the antibodies like thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin and thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAbs) attack the thyroid gland as if it were a foreign object or a virus of some sort. This disease is the most commonRead MoreNurse And Physician Have Suspicions Of Patients With Rapid Heart Rate And Palpitations1378 Words   |  6 Pagesof hyperthyroidism. Patient has no family history of thyroid disease. After lab results were received, the TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) was 0.018 microunits/mL (normal range is 0.3-0.5 microunits/mL), the T4 (serum thyroxine) was 18.0 mcg/dL (normal range is 5.4-11.5 mcg/dL), and the T3 (Serum triiodothyronine) was 403 ng/dL (normal range is 80-200 ng/dL). Her lab findings indicate a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism and/or Grave’s disease (Hinkle Cheever, 2014). Pathophysiology, Etiology, RiskRead MoreThe Human Body And Organs1460 Words   |  6 Pages Graves’ Disease Kevin Eugene Ormond American Military University Abstract The following essay describes one of the most deceiving, yet common immune deficiencies today. Approximately 12 percent of the entire population world wide suffers from some type of thyroid disease. In the United States, this means roughly thirty million adults (Rosenthal, p.1). 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This case study report will discuss the clinical progression and presentation of this disease, define and describe what an autoimmune disorder is, outline what clinical testing is performed for proper diagnosisRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Thyroid Disorders1666 Words   |  7 Pagesform of thyroid disease, one of the most prevalent of these being hyperthyroidism. An estimated 60 percent are completely unaware that they have a thyroid condition, which can put them at risk for certain conditions. The conditions can become severe with complications such as cardiovascular disease or cancer. Majority of the thyroid conditions diagnosed are life-long and can be managed with the right medical atten tion. Through the use of the correct imaging to diagnose the disease, most of themRead MoreHyperthyroidism: Graves Disease and Thyroid Hormone Level977 Words   |  4 Pagescauses of hyperthyroidism? Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder and is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. 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The follicular tissues are the ones that secrete hormonesRead MoreThe Clinical Manifestations And Pathophysiology Of Type 1 Diabetes1404 Words   |  6 Pagesto negative feedback loops, the clinical manifestations and pathophysiology of type 1 Diabetes, an understanding of autoimmunity and how Grave’s disease identifies as autoimmune in nature, and how it also presents in Serum laboratory testing. Ava is a 15-year-old girl that has presented to hospital with a history of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Grave’s disease. She has been unwell for 3 days with a viral illness so her father has brought her to the emergency department. She has an elevated blood